Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina

Life And Work Of Abu Ali Ibn Sina Ibn Sina, Abu Ali (Latin Avicenna) (980-1037), a scholar of encyclopedic, physician and philosopher. He was born near Bukhara in Afshane 16 August 980. The father of Ibn Sina, Bukhara officer, a native of Balkh, while the capital of Greco-Bactrian kingdom, gave his son a systematic education at home, awakened in him at an early age the desire for knowledge. Soon, Abu Ali has surpassed his teacher and started an independent study of physics, metaphysics and medicine, referring to the works of Euclid, Ptolemy and Aristotle. If Euclid and Ptolemys Almagest did not give the young Ibn Sina the great difficulties that the Aristotelian Metaphysics demanded from him a lot of effort. Up to forty times he took a reading, but I could not comprehend the depth of its content has not encountered a book seller in writing of al-Farabi on to metaphysics, the commentary on the works of Aristotle. As a philosopher Ibn Sina belonged to the direction of Falsafah, eastern peripatetizma. Did much to develop the philosophical vocabulary in Arabic and Persian languages. Defending and developing the philosophical system of Aristotle, Ibn Sina gave in his writings, considerable attention logic, the doctrine of causality, the first reason, matter and form of knowledge, categories, principles of organization of thought and knowledge. In the teachings of Ibn Sina are constantly present two approaches to the description of the world: the physical and metaphysical. When he talks as a physicist, it paints a picture of things in terms of movement, space, time and natural determinism, has things in order from simple to complex, from the inanimate to the living and completes the most complex organism, endowed with reason, a man. In this picture, the mind is regarded as closely connected with the body, to matter: Soul arise when there is a corporeal substance, suitable to use it the soul (Book of the soul). This matter the brain, various departments which correspond to different mental processes. Storage is a general feeling of power performance, and it is located in front of the brain. That is why, when this part is damaged, the scope of representation is violated. Store that accepts the idea is a force called memory, and it is located in the back of the brain. The middle part of the brain was created as a place of power of imagination. Considering the different mental states and events: sleep, dreams, power of suggestion, predictions, prophecies, pondering the mysteries and miracles, called Ibn Sina reveal the cause of all this, based on the laws of nature. The concept of a strictly ordered world, the slave laws of determinism, is one of the central points of the philosophy of Avicenna. A number of causal dependence, rising to one another generating reasons for ending the first cause, which, being the active principle (the will), releases its potentiality, which mediated a number of steps, there is a multiple created world. Solving the problem of not only the reality of the world, but its independence from the Creator, Ibn Sina has focused on the topic of the possible and necessary. The basic idea of Arabic peripatetics the idea of the world, opportunities are already contained in the Uniform and therefore sovechnogo Creator. Adhering to the Peripatetic tradition in his doctrine of causality, Ibn Sina gave up hard determinism: the existence of vozmozhnosuschego is not necessary in itself and becomes such a result will change neobhodimosuschego as the first cause, giving rise to the subsequent series and own who were making them necessa ry. First, first principle is the only thing originally to itself. Everything else derives from it, and therefore only possible. But since there is a reason, the possibility, the latter is in turn a necessity and as such a necessary cause of the next generation. Thus, the first reason is just the first jolt, in the future world of things is determined by causal dependence within himself. Another important point is the philosophy of Ibn Sinas doctrine of the soul. Noting the indispensable bond of mind with bodily matter, Ibn Sina, in contrast to Aristotles interest in mind as well as a special, netelesnoy substance that existing in the body, differs from him and dominates him, it is not simply a form that exists in a solid substrate, it does not attach to the body, and (in the terminology peripatetizma) creates the human body as a creator, is the cause of the body. Potential mind through learning, mastery of knowledge is urgent. Reaching the top step, grasping the abstract forms, purchasing power of the active intellect, he is acquired. At this stage of the work of the mind can no longer depend on external impressions, and even the state of the body, thinking about thinking connection with the body, with matter rather a hindrance. Such a mind does not need to own who were studying intelligible he understands them directly, intuitively. In the acquired human mind is l ikened to the potency of the first principles of all things (On the soul). The man a free, sovereign being. His mind is not only the recipients of external impressions, but also a focused subject, projecting the idea. Independence of mind from the body of Ibn Sina argued its indivisibility, as well as the ability to work and even its gain with the weakening of the body, feelings, etc. A good argument in favor of netelesnosti mind is described by Ibn Sina introspective experience, the image of the so-called floating people. If you think that your entity once created with common sense and perfect form, and we assume that parts of it are hidden from view and shall not come into contact, and separated from each other and hang some time in the outdoors, then you will find that it forgets everything except the assertion of individuality , which consists in the mind (hints and instructions). In this experience the person is aware that I am I, even if I do not know that I have an arm, leg or any other authority, I stayed I would have, even if they were not there (On the Soul) . As netelesnoy soul is immortal, as vnutritelesnoy individually, and, moreover, forever (the concept of individual immortality). Accordingly, the mans knowledge of itself (introspection) unremovably individually. On this understanding of Ibn Sina mind and forms of knowledge influenced Sufism and personal experience Tariqah (Sufi way to God). This is reflected in its pure Sufi works: A Treatise on the Haya, son of Yakzana, the Epistle of the Birds, Salman and Absalom, etc.

Community Windshield Survey Essay

Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to complete a direct observational assessment of a community in your area. This windshield survey will be the initial step in uncovering a community health problem in your area and identifying community dynamics. This problem will be further assessed in the following two assignments. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes. CO #2. Integrate clinical judgment in professional decision-making and implementation of the nursing process through analysis of community health nursing practice. (PO #4) CO #5. Analyze the nursing roles in the community health setting. (PO #7) CO #7. Accept accountability for personal and professional development as part of the life-long learning process. (PO #5) Due Date Submit to the appropriate basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 2. Points: 150 points Directions 1. Download the NR443 Community Windshield Survey Form from Doc Sharing. You will type your name and answers directly onto this Word document. Your form does NOT need to follow APA formatting; however, you are expected to use correct grammar, spelling, syntax and write in complete sentences. 2. Save the file by clicking â€Å"Save as† and adding your last name to the file name, e.g., â€Å"NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith† 3. Submit the completed form to the â€Å"Caring for Populations: Community Windshield Survey† Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 2. 4. Length: The completed form should be no more than three pages in length (not including any optional references). Guidelines Below are the requirements needed for successful completion of the Windshield Survey Form: 1. Introduction to the Community: Identify the community you will be using for this assignment and provide a brief one to two paragraph description of the community. Your community should be the area where you  live or the area surrounding your work setting. 2. Windshield Survey: Assess your community by doing an informal windshield survey. Information about the components of a windshield survey is located in your textbook, Nies & McEwen (2011) on page 97 (Box 6-2). Drive through the area and report your observations by describing each of the following six areas using the questions in the text as your guide (one to two paragraphs each): a. Community vitality b. Indicators of social and economic conditions c. Health resources d. Environmental conditions related to health e. Social functioning f. Attitude toward healthcare It is helpful to conduct this assessment at least two different times: during the day or evening, on a weekday and/or on the weekend. If possible, plan on asking someone to drive during your survey so that you can take notes. 3. Conclusion: Provide a summary of your findings. The information gathered during the windshield survey should assist you to identify a community health problem that will be further assessed in the next assignment. 4. References: The purpose of this assignment is to document your observations of your community. Outside sources are not required. However, if sources are used, these sources must be cited within the form and listed in the Reference section. Best Practices in Preparing the Form The following are best practices in preparing this project: Make sure all elements of the form are included. Review directions and grading rubric below thoroughly. Cite any outside references as above (these are optional). Proofread prior to final submission. Check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission. Abide by the CCN academic integrity policy, which may be found in the Policies under the Course Home tab.

How Does The Carbon Cycle Work Environmental Sciences Essay

The C rhythm can be defined as the uninterrupted biological procedure through which the C is exchanged between the environment and the beings. It besides refers to the thermonuclear reactions which are brought about by karyon of a C -12 atom when it absorbs protons. The sporadic clime alterations being experienced in the universe today are attributable to the break of C rhythm in one manner or the other. Top of the possible causes of this break are human activities. States are loath to accept their portion of incrimination on the whole issue taking to a blasted game. Unless the universe unites against this common cause, the worst is expected to come. This paper covers the C rhythm, how it works and how it ‘s altering in response to human activities. Carbon is found in the ambiance in signifier of the C dioxide gas. Other ambiance gases which contain C dioxide include CFCs and methane. The deficiency or the improper operation of this rhythm can be really awful since workss and animate beings wholly depend on this rhythm during their major biological procedures. The work of the C rhythm can be evaluated or assessed in conformity to the different procedures that change or move C from one signifier to another. These procedures are viz. decomposition, photosynthesis, natural weathering of stones, respiration and the ignition of fossil fuels. During the procedure of photosynthesis C which remains in the ambiance as the C dioxide gas enters into the web of consumers and manufacturers or what is referred to as the ecological nutrient web. After its entry the photosynthetic beings ( algae, workss ) absorb the C dioxide through the bantam pores found in their foliages. Via photosynthesis the workss can now utilize the captive C dioxide an d change over it into simple sugars which are indispensable in the workss growing and reproduction. Plants besides pass C to the animate beings particularly when the animate beings feed o the workss since they do non hold the ability to do their ain nutrient ( Ryn and Cowan 87 ) . Respiration procedure is besides found in the C rhythm but it is unlike photosynthesis because it occurs in the decomposers, workss and animate beings. The respiration procedure besides produces C because the constituent of O is used in interrupting down organic compounds into the C dioxide gas and H2O. Through this procedure of respiration C atoms which start out as the compounds of C dioxide are absorbed through the organic structure of human being and so passed to the ambiance ready for another recycling. Decomposition happens to be the major procedure through which C is passed to the ambiance in signifier of C dioxide. This is achieved through the usage of decomposers ( microorganisms ) which are chiefly found in dirt and H2O. These decomposers normally take in dead and waste merchandises which are chiefly found in signifier of decomposing remains of animate beings and workss. At the same clip they release C dioxide through the procedure of respiration. As before stated, enduring of stones is the other procedure through which C atoms are released. For illustration the calcium hydroxide stone ( an ocean floor rock formed by marine plankton shells ) traps many C atoms. These C atoms are released sometimes after a million old ages when the ocean Waterss recede and the calcium hydroxide stone becomes exposed. Scientifically, it ‘s noted that when a calcium hydroxide stone is set out to the natural procedure of enduring it releases the already trapped atoms becomes a really active portion of the C rhythm one time. Human activities/processes besides increase the C dioxide in the ambiance. One of these activities is the burning of the fossils fuels. Due to the rapid enlargement of industrial revolution many people have been firing the fuels which contain oil and coal to power their engines. The changeless production of these fuels has resulted into immense sums of C dioxide in the ambiance. Most of the C dioxide produced by the burning of these fuels is nevertheless absorbed by workss, oceans and dirts therefore cut downing the increasing effects of planetary heating ( Scienceclarified.com 1 ) . The human activities that influence the C rhythm Human activities have greatly interfered with the procedures involved in the C rhythm. An illustration of these human activities is deforestation. Deforestation is the remotion of natural happening woods through cutting and firing of trees in any forested country. Peoples cut trees to utilize them as fuel, to utilize the land for grazing land, farming and to construct colonies. Active deforestation means that there will be no trees which emit O while devouring C constituents ( C dioxide ) . This leads to increased C dioxide than its consumed therefore destructing the C rhythm. The addition in C constituents in the air consequences into planetary heating ( inordinate warming o the Earth ‘s and oceans surface ) . This inordinate warming consequences into dried rivers or decreased volumes of H2O in the earths surface because the hydrological rhythm will be affected by higher rates of precipitation ( Miller 217 ) . Harmonizing to White ( 1203 ) , the ecologies have greatly been changed by overgrazing, terrassing, irrigation and the film editing of trees. For illustration he says that the Romans used to cut trees to construct ships which were used to contend Carthaginians. He besides states that the Bankss on the lower parts of the river Nile are now a human artefact alternatively of the African jungle which nature could hold created alternatively of adult male. He besides talks of historic ecological alteration which has been caused by the agricultural innovation. Farming prompts deforestation because there must be cutting down of trees to make more infinite for farming. This ecological alteration will be contributed by the addition of C constituents in the air since the forest screen is non available. The green house sort of agriculture is one of the major agricultural subscribers to the break of the C rhythm. This is because the green houses emit gases which are non utilised therefore conveyi ng about planetary heating. Some of the gases emitted include the signifier of C referred to as CFCs. It therefore transpires that the sum of the C produced is higher than the sums consumed. Another human activity which has contributed vastly to the break of the C rhythm is the burning of fuels. This is because of the increased combustion of fuels emits immense sums of C constituents. This will take to greater volumes of C dioxide in the air which will non be consumed therefore doing the C rhythm in effectual. White ( 1204 ) provinces that by 1925, London had experienced a smog job which was caused by the uninterrupted combustion of soft coal. He besides suggests that the current burning of fossil fuels is high up to the point of endangering to alter the universe ‘s ambiance as a whole. White besides suggests that war was another human activity which resulted in to ecological alterations including the break of the C rhythm. He asserts that the first cannon were fired in the early fourteenth century and this affected the ecology because workers were forced to the woods and mountains to scramble for more, S, potassium hydroxide, Fe ore and wood coal where by some res ulted into eroding and deforestation. He besides warns that a war fought with H bombs can change the genetic sciences of life. For illustration it will impact the procedures of the C rhythm between human existences and workss. Harmonizing to Mackenzie ( 1 ) , angling and whaling activities will impact the planetary C rhythm. This is because the uninterrupted remotion of the Marine biology has resulted into increased atmospheric C dioxide. She besides suggests that the rise of C dioxide or C has been caused by progressive fishing which has caused biomass depletion of the universe ‘s ocean. Nowadays, the marine productiveness is now comparatively lower than it used to be when there was a kept up C balance in the ocean-atmosphere. Another signifier of human activities which have influenced the flow of the C rhythm is air conditioning and infrigidation. This is because they utilize the C available in the air which is in signifier of CFC therefore suppressing the continuity of C rhythm between workss and animate beings. These human activities are nevertheless really of import in the universe because they cut down the effects of planetary heating by absorbing the excess C available in the air. Another huma n activity that has influenced the C rhythm is the transition of wild lands and agricultural lands into colonies. These human colonies are the major subscribers to the increased emanations of the planetary C dioxide. They affect the C rhythm through the direct emanations of the C dioxide ensuing from burning of fuels, the changes of the works and C rhythms during the transition of wild lands to urban and residential land screen and the indirect effects of urban and residential land screen on energy usage ecosystem C cycling. In human colonies the dirt C is lost through the dirt perturbations caused by the transition from natural to urban or sub-urban land screen type. The transition of good settled and managed land screen into human colonies consequences into higher rates of C segregation and storage due to big inputs of fertiliser, H2O and organic affair ( Pataki et al 1 ) . Plants cited â€Å" Carbon rhythm † Science clarified. Retrieved on 27th January 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scienceclarified.com/Ca-Ch/Carbon-Cycle.html Mackenzie, Debbie. THE EFFECTS OF FISHING AND WHALING ACTIVITIES ON THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE, 2001. Retrieved on 27th January 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fisherycrisis.com/strangelove.html Miller Tyler. Populating in the Environment: Principles, Connection. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2008 Pataki, Diane. Human colonies and the North American C rhythm, 2006. Retrieved on 27th January 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climate.noaa.gov/ccsp/22_SOCCR_Chapter14.pdf Ryn, Sim, and Cowan, Stuart. Ecological design. Washington: Island imperativeness, 1996 White, Lynn. The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis, Vol 155 ( figure 3767 ) , march 10 1967, pp 1203-1207. Cycle Human Settlements and the North

Native Americans And The Beginning Of Our Nation - 1212 Words

In school when I was younger, Native Americans were portrayed in the history textbooks in a negative manner. After returning to school, it’s nice to see that textbooks are making a great effort to get it right. But after reading our textbook and studying about everything the Native Americans had to go through, at the beginning of our nation. I think their deaths were the results of a broken heart, along with diseases. Which were brought from settlers to North America, including measles, scarlet fever, influenza, chickenpox, and colds. The proverbial broken heart threatens Native Americans, who were brave enough to put their trust into the European settler’s hands or choose to believe what they were told. In fact, some Indians, surprisingly helped many English settlers. Which brought different conflicts between their own people, because some choose to believe the settlers were their friends. 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